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2003:
A BETTER TIME FOR GIC ISSUERS
Throughout
our seventeen-year history, FCM has primarily focused its stable value
investment activities in diversified portfolios of guaranteed investment
contracts (GICs) issued by major life insurance companies. We have found
several relative value advantages in using GICs over other stable value
products including their policyholder status and superior yield premiums
relative to other high-grade obligations. In general, GIC issuers represent
the most creditworthy segment of a high quality, mature industry that
exhibits strong credit fundamentals including: solid capital levels,
diversified revenue and earnings sources, consistent operating cash
flows, and conservative balance sheets.
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David J. Molin,
CFA
Vice President
and Director of Research
Fiduciary Capital Management, Inc.
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The credit
fundamentals of FCM's GIC issuer universe and the life insurance industry
as a whole rebounded in 2003. During 2001 and 2002, the economic downturn
and financial markets resulted in pressures on the credit profile of
the life insurance industry. While GIC issuers tended to fare better
than other life companies and the life insurance industry in general
fared better than most, several GIC issuers did experience lower operating
results and some deterioration in their capital positions.During 2003,
market conditions improved significantly as the stock markets rebounded
from three years of negative returns; the credit markets stabilized
following unprecedented levels of corporate bond defaults; and interest
rates rose steadily off their historic lows. This translated into solid
improvements in earnings and capital positions for GIC issuers, which
benefited from lower investment losses and improved profitability on
equity-linked products. Although the low interest rate environment will
continue to challenge GIC issuers, FCM believes that the significant
improvement in the operating environment over the last year will continue
to translate into improving credit fundamentals.
During
2003, the universe of GIC issuers that FCM follows reported solid improvement
in aggregate capital positions with total statutory surplus increasing
by 13.5% to $94 billion, compared to more modest growth of 6% in 2002.
The median ratio of total surplus to general account assets increased
from 7.88% in 2002 to 8.65% in 2003, still somewhat below the levels
reported in the late nineties. As of year-end 2003, FCM's GIC universe
reported an average risk-based capital (RBC) ratio of 355% (total adjusted
capital to company action level), an increase from 325% in 2002. Contributing
to the improved capital positions were strong gains in statutory earnings
with total after-tax operating income increasing almost 10% to $10.2
billion and net income doubling to $9.7 billion. Operating earnings
benefited from the strong performance of the equity markets, which translated
into higher asset balances and fee income on equity-linked products,
along with higher demand for variable products. The large jump in statutory
net income was primarily attributable to the much improved credit environment
during 2003. According to Moody's Investors Service, the global default
rate for all corporate issuers, on a dollar volume-weighted basis, fell
to .97% in 2003 from a record high 5.3% in 2002. As a result, GIC issuers
reported significantly lower realized investment losses in 2003, compared
to the large write-downs taken in 2002 and 2001 that included some of
the largest corporate bankruptcies in history. In fact, the GIC universe
reported an aggregate net capital gain (realized and unrealized) of
nearly $4 billion in 2003, compared to a net capital loss of $7.7 billion
in 2002.
GIC issuers
for the most part have traditionally maintained conservative investment
portfolios. Since the commercial real estate problems of the early nineties,
issuers have increasingly focused their investing activities into diversified
bond portfolios, which currently represent almost 75% of the average
GIC issuer's invested assets. In general, GIC issuer bond portfolios
are conservatively managed with over 90% invested in investment grade
securities and significant diversification by individual issuer and
sector. As of year-end 2003, average below investment grade (BIG) bond
holdings decreased to 8.0% of total bonds from 8.8% in 2002, as issuers
reduced their exposures after a record number of "fallen angels" inflated
BIG levels. The majority of holdings are in the highest BIG rating class
of BB, and FCM considers current levels to be manageable given the sizable
financial resources available to GIC issuers to absorb potential losses.
After bond holdings, commercial mortgages represent the second largest
investment allocation representing approximately 10% of the average
GIC issuer's invested assets. Over the past few years, this asset class
has performed very well with the average ratio of non-performing loans
to total mortgages declining to only .2% in 2003. Going forward, the
commercial real estate markets may weaken as vacancy rates rise and
higher interest rates deflate property values. Nonetheless, a moderate
degree of deterioration would have only a negligible impact on overall
asset quality.
In summary,
we expect stronger results to continue to be reported and view recent
operating environment trends as positive for the credit profiles of
GIC issuers.
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